Endogenous Ethanol Production in the Human Alimentary Tract: A Literature Review
Stamation R
Endogenous Ethanol Production in the Human Alimentary Tract: A Literature Review
Stamation R
Endogenous ethanol production, or auto-brewery syndrome (ABS), is a rare condition of the human alimentary canal that results in intoxication without alcohol consumption. Despite its clinical significance, ABS remains largely undiagnosed because of a lack of awareness among clinicians. Published cases have reported extensive biopsychosocial comorbidities accompanying delayed diagnosis and incomplete management; these include social rejection and family separation, court-ordered alcohol rehabilitation and psychiatric admission, legal and employment ramifications, and deteriorating mental health and suicidality. In this mini review, we aim to educate and enlighten clinicians by discussing literature findings pertaining to the pathophysiological mechanisms of gut dysbiosis due to overgrowth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli and Klebsiella, impaired intestinal barrier function, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Furthermore, we discuss recently discovered associations with sleep quality and mood disorders and explore the medical sequelae of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Drawing on these data, we propose protocols for initial care in the emergency room, subsequent critical care, diagnostic testing with glucose challenge testing, and definitive microbiological testing during the acute phase of illness. We also present an empirical treatment outline while awaiting confirmation of causative organisms and sensitivities.
FDA Approves Tirzepatide as First Drug for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Anderer S
FDA Approves Tirzepatide as First Drug for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Anderer S
Individualised Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Predictive Models and Anatomical Phenotyping of Mandibular Advancement Devices Responses
Camañes-Gonzalvo S, Montiel-Company JM, García-Selva M, Plaza-Espín A, Pérez-Carbonell T, Paredes-Gallardo V, Bellot-Arcís C and Marco-Pitarch R
Individualised Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Predictive Models and Anatomical Phenotyping of Mandibular Advancement Devices Responses
Camañes-Gonzalvo S, Montiel-Company JM, García-Selva M, Plaza-Espín A, Pérez-Carbonell T, Paredes-Gallardo V, Bellot-Arcís C and Marco-Pitarch R
This non-randomised clinical study aimed to identify the phenotypic characteristics that distinguish responders from non-responders. Additionally, it sought to establish a predictive model for treatment response to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using mandibular advancement devices (MAD), based on the analysed phenotypic characteristics.
Assessing the efficacy of psychological interventions in enhancing the quality of life of patients diagnosed with cancer and psychiatric disorders: An umbrella analysis
Guo H and Yang Y
Assessing the efficacy of psychological interventions in enhancing the quality of life of patients diagnosed with cancer and psychiatric disorders: An umbrella analysis
Guo H and Yang Y
Psychosocial interventions encompass psychotherapy and psychological education that explicitly target psychosocial adaptation. These interventions have been shown to have a substantial positive effect on reducing anxiety and depression, as well as improving overall quality of life (QoL). Nevertheless, there is still no consensus concerning the therapeutic effectiveness of these interventions.
mHealth-Based Diabetes Prevention Program for Chinese Mothers With Abdominal Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial
Huang Q, Zhong Q, Zeng Y, Li Y, Wiley J, Wang MP, Chen JL and Guo J
mHealth-Based Diabetes Prevention Program for Chinese Mothers With Abdominal Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial
Huang Q, Zhong Q, Zeng Y, Li Y, Wiley J, Wang MP, Chen JL and Guo J
Among people with abdominal obesity, women are more likely to develop diabetes than men. Mobile health (mHealth)-based technologies provide the flexibility and resource-saving opportunities to improve lifestyles in an individualized way. However, mHealth-based diabetes prevention programs tailored for busy mothers with abdominal obesity have not been reported yet.
Management of Insomnia in the General Hospital
Chopra A, Rustad JK, Hall DL, Mak MSB and Stern TA
Management of Insomnia in the General Hospital
Chopra A, Rustad JK, Hall DL, Mak MSB and Stern TA
The Psychiatric Consultation Service at Massachusetts General Hospital sees medical and surgical inpatients with comorbid psychiatric symptoms and conditions. During their twice-weekly rounds, Dr Stern and other members of the Consultation Service discuss diagnosis and management of hospitalized patients with complex medical or surgical problems who also demonstrate psychiatric symptoms or conditions. These discussions have given rise to rounds reports that will prove useful for clinicians practicing at the interface of medicine and psychiatry. .
l-theanine: From tea leaf to trending supplement - does the science match the hype for brain health and relaxation?
Dashwood R and Visioli F
l-theanine: From tea leaf to trending supplement - does the science match the hype for brain health and relaxation?
Dashwood R and Visioli F
l-Theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid found abundantly in tea leaves. Interest in its potential use as a dietary supplement has surged recently, especially claims related to promoting relaxation and cognitive enhancement. This review surveys the chemistry, metabolism, and purported biological activities of l-theanine. It is well absorbed from the intestine and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Some studies suggest l-theanine may increase alpha waves in the brain associated with relaxation and selective attention, reduce stress and anxiety, and improve sleep quality, though findings are often inconsistent. Potential neuroprotective and anti-seizure effects have also been reported in animal models. When combined with caffeine, l-theanine may improve cognitive performance, alertness and focus. However, the evidence supporting many health claims remains limited, especially the lack of rigorous human clinical trials. While l-theanine exhibits a good safety profile based on toxicology studies, caution is warranted regarding the purported health benefits, until stronger scientific substantiation emerges. Overall, the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of l-theanine require further investigation, given the current interest and increasing popularity of this nutraceutical supplement marketed for brain health and relaxation. In the absence of well-designed and carefully controlled human clinical trials, we would urge caution in the use of l-theanine supplements at pharmacologic doses by the wider population, and believe that the science does not yet match the hype behind this trending supplement for brain health and relaxation.
Low and high glycemic index drinks differentially affect sleep polysomnography and memory consolidation: A randomized controlled trial
Gaylor CM, Brennan A, Blagrove M, Tulip C, Bloxham A, Williams S, Tucker R, Benton D and Young HA
Low and high glycemic index drinks differentially affect sleep polysomnography and memory consolidation: A randomized controlled trial
Gaylor CM, Brennan A, Blagrove M, Tulip C, Bloxham A, Williams S, Tucker R, Benton D and Young HA
Limited research has examined the effect of meal composition on sleep. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that a low glycemic index (LGI) drink containing 50 g isomaltulose (Palatinose, GI = 32) would result in more N3 sleep, less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and better memory consolidation than a high glycemic index (HGI) drink containing 50 g glucose (GI = 100). Healthy males (n = 20) attended the laboratory on three occasions at least a week apart (one acclimatization night and two test nights). Using a repeated measures, randomized, double-blind design, participants consumed a standardized evening meal followed four hours later by a HGI or LGI drink. Sleep architecture and continuity were assessed using polysomnography. Procedural and episodic memory were assessed pre- and post-sleep using a finger tapping task and story recall task, respectively. There was no main effect of drink. However, there was an interaction between drink and drink order. N3 sleep percentage was significantly longer (28.71% vs 23.99%, respectively, p = .032) and overnight retention of neutral story content was significantly better (0.63 words vs -10.13 words, respectively, p = .002) after the LGI drink than HGI drink, but only when the LGI drink was consumed on the second test night and HGI drink on the first test night. No changes in REM sleep were observed. Findings suggest that the nature of carbohydrate consumed before bed may influence sleep quality and quantity and neutral episodic memory consolidation. Pre-registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05591573).
Undergraduates' lifestyle and Suboptimal Health Status (SHS): A cross-sectional study in the Ha'il region of Saudi Arabia
Alsaif B, Asweto CO, Hassan SU, Alzain MA, Saeed ME, Kassar A, Ali KEM, Ghorbel M, Zrieq R and Wang W
Undergraduates' lifestyle and Suboptimal Health Status (SHS): A cross-sectional study in the Ha'il region of Saudi Arabia
Alsaif B, Asweto CO, Hassan SU, Alzain MA, Saeed ME, Kassar A, Ali KEM, Ghorbel M, Zrieq R and Wang W
University students in Saudi Arabia are embracing some of the negative traits of the fast-paced modern lifestyle, typified by unhealthy eating, low physical activity, and poor sleep habits that may increase their risk for poor health. Health and holistic well-being at the population level are among the priorities of the 2030 vision of a vibrant society in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The current study thus aims at determining the prevalence and predictive factors of Suboptimal Health Status (SHS) among university students.
The efficacy of acupuncture in relieving postoperative pain in patients with low simple anal fistula: Protocol of a prospective, randomised, controlled trial
Yang M, Zheng D, Jin X, Tang H, Cao W, Ye Q, Qu Y and Mei Z
The efficacy of acupuncture in relieving postoperative pain in patients with low simple anal fistula: Protocol of a prospective, randomised, controlled trial
Yang M, Zheng D, Jin X, Tang H, Cao W, Ye Q, Qu Y and Mei Z
Anal fistula surgery often leads to postoperative pain, which can hinder recovery and negatively impact patients' quality of life. This prospective, randomised, controlled trial (RCT) aims to investigate the efficacy of acupuncture in alleviating postoperative pain and reducing the usage of analgesic medications following anal fistula surgery.
