Effects of a single night of continuous positive airway pressure on spontaneous brain activity in severe obstructive sleep apnea
Sun Y, Lei F, Luo L, Zou K and Tang X
Effects of a single night of continuous positive airway pressure on spontaneous brain activity in severe obstructive sleep apnea
Sun Y, Lei F, Luo L, Zou K and Tang X
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a single night of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on spontaneous brain activity and the underlying neuropathological mechanisms in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study involved 30 severe OSA patients and 19 healthy controls (HC). Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) methods were employed to evaluate spontaneous brain activity in all participants. Following a single night of CPAP treatment, ReHo values increased in the bilateral caudate and decreased in the right superior frontal gyrus. The fALFF values increased in the left orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and the right orbital of the inferior frontal gyrus (Frontal_Inf_Orb_R). However, fALFF values decreased in the medial part of the left superior frontal gyrus and the right supramarginal part of the inferior parietal lobe. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between the change in the fALFF in the Frontal_Inf_Orb_R and the change in REM sleep duration (r = 0.437, p = 0.016) following a single night of CPAP treatment. We concluded that observing changes in abnormal fALFF and ReHo in OSA patients before and after a single night of CPAP treatment may enhance our understanding of the neurological mechanisms in patients with severe OSA.
The clinical effects of modified tinnitus relieving sound (MTRS) for chronic tinnitus: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Tang D, Wang J, Yu X and Yu H
The clinical effects of modified tinnitus relieving sound (MTRS) for chronic tinnitus: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Tang D, Wang J, Yu X and Yu H
Chronic subjective tinnitus has become an increasingly serious hazard that affects the health-related quality of life for millions of people. Due to the lack of curative treatment strategies, this study aims to introduce a novel acoustic therapy named the modified tinnitus relieving sound (MTRS) for tinnitus and to evaluate the efficacy of MTRS in comparison with unmodified music (UM) which served as a control.
Salivary Interleukin 1-Beta Concentration Associates With Sleep Quality in Older Individuals
Ibáñez-Del Valle V, Ballestar-Tarín ML, Mafla-España MA, Cauli O and Navarro-Martínez R
Salivary Interleukin 1-Beta Concentration Associates With Sleep Quality in Older Individuals
Ibáñez-Del Valle V, Ballestar-Tarín ML, Mafla-España MA, Cauli O and Navarro-Martínez R
Poor sleep quality is prevalent in older people and impairs their quality of life. Various studies show an association between sleep disorders and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines. The cytokine IL-1β has been shown to display both somnogenic and insomnia-promoting effects in experimental animals. Objectives: to evaluate the relationship between insomnia and salivary IL-1β concentration and the role of associated factors such as the symptoms of depression, use of hypnotics, intake of caffeinated beverages, smoking, and alcohol use in older individuals. An analytical, cross-sectional, observational research was carried out with a population of community-dwelling individuals over 60 years of age in Valencia (Spain). Sleep quality was measured with the Athens insomnia scale (AIS) and depressive symptoms with Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: 287 individuals participated in the study (mean age 74.08 years (76.7% women). 41.5% of the participants had insomnia, 36.9% took drugs for sleep problems, and 32.4% had relevant depressive symptoms. There was a significant inverse correlation between the IL-1β and total AIS score (rho = -0.302, < 0.001), the sleep difficulty subdomain (rho = -0.259, < 0.001), and the daytime sleepiness subdomain (rho = -0.322, < 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between GDS and salivary IL-1β concentration. The IL-1β concentration was significantly lower in individuals taking drugs for sleeping compared with those not taking those drugs (1.11 ± 0.09 and 1.48 ± 0.08, respectively; = 0.001). Regarding the AIS score, there was no significant difference in marital status, smoking, or the number of cups of tea or cola drinks, but there was a significant association with alcohol intake ( = 0.019) and in the number of daily intakes of coffee ( = 0.030). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of IL-1β for diagnosis of moderate-severe insomnia showed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.85). At the cut-off of 0.83 pg/µL of Il-1β, it had a sensitivity of 70.3% and a specificity of 69.8%.
Maternal exposure to zolpidem and risk of specific birth defects
Howley MM, Werler MM, Fisher SC, Tracy M, Van Zutphen AR, Papadopoulos EA, Hansen C, Ailes EC, Reefhuis J, Wood ME, Browne ML and
Maternal exposure to zolpidem and risk of specific birth defects
Howley MM, Werler MM, Fisher SC, Tracy M, Van Zutphen AR, Papadopoulos EA, Hansen C, Ailes EC, Reefhuis J, Wood ME, Browne ML and
Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine agent indicated for treatment of insomnia. While zolpidem crosses the placenta, little is known about its safety in pregnancy. We assessed associations between self-reported zolpidem use 1 month before pregnancy through to the end of the third month ("early pregnancy") and specific birth defects using data from two multi-site case-control studies: National Birth Defects Prevention Study and Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study. Analysis included 39,711 birth defect cases and 23,035 controls without a birth defect. For defects with ≥ 5 exposed cases, we used logistic regression with Firth's penalised likelihood to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, considering age at delivery, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, parity, early-pregnancy antipsychotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant use, early-pregnancy opioid use, early-pregnancy smoking, and study as potential covariates. For defects with three-four exposed cases, we estimated crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, we explored differences in odds ratios using propensity score-adjustment and conducted a probabilistic bias analysis of exposure misclassification. Overall, 84 (0.2%) cases and 46 (0.2%) controls reported early-pregnancy zolpidem use. Seven defects had sufficient sample size to calculate adjusted odds ratios, which ranged from 0.76 for cleft lip to 2.18 for gastroschisis. Four defects had odds ratios > 1.8. All confidence intervals included the null. Zolpidem use was rare. We could not calculate adjusted odds ratios for most defects and estimates are imprecise. Results do not support a large increase in risk, but smaller increases in risk for certain defects cannot be ruled out.
The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review
Rogers EM, Banks NF and Jenkins NDM
The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review
Rogers EM, Banks NF and Jenkins NDM
Sleep deficiency is a ubiquitous phenomenon among Americans. In fact, in the United States, ∼78% of teens and 35% of adults currently get less sleep than recommended for their age-group, and the quality of sleep appears to be getting worse for many. The consequences of sleep disruption manifest in a myriad of ways, including insulin resistance and disrupted nutrient metabolism, dysregulation of hunger and satiety, and potentially increased body weight and adiposity. Consequently, inadequate sleep is related to an increased risk of various cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Exercise has the potential to be an effective therapeutic to counteract the deleterious effects of sleep disruption listed above, whereas chronic psychosocial stress may causally promote sleep disruption and cardiometabolic risk. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current evidence on the consequences of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality on substrate metabolism, circulating appetite hormones, hunger and satiety, and weight gain. Secondly, we provide a brief overview of chronic psychosocial stress and its impact on sleep and metabolic health. Finally, we summarise the current evidence regarding the ability of exercise to counteract the adverse metabolic health effects of sleep disruption. Throughout the review, we highlight areas where additional interrogation and future exploration are necessary.
Differential effects of repeated inspiratory and limb muscle loading on effort perception in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy males
Griffith-Mcgeever C, Owen J, Earing C, McKeon D and Kubis HP
Differential effects of repeated inspiratory and limb muscle loading on effort perception in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy males
Griffith-Mcgeever C, Owen J, Earing C, McKeon D and Kubis HP
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by collapse of the upper airways during sleep. The contribution of alterations in effort perception is not understood. This study investigated the response of inspiratory and quadriceps muscles to repetitive loading on effort perception in OSA patients, pre and post continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, and in healthy individuals. Twenty-one OSA patients and 40 healthy participants completed protocols for repetitive inspiratory and leg muscle loading combined with intermittent rating of perceived exertion (RPE 14-somewhat hard/hard) to assess effort sensitivity. Electromyography, inspiratory pressure and isometric force were measured. OSA patients reported higher fatiguability of respiratory and leg muscles than controls. OSA patients revealed lower effort sensitivity in the leg muscles compared with controls, while repetitive loading led to a decline in force production. In the respiratory system, OSA patients revealed similar effort sensitivity at baseline compared with controls, but a large reduction in effort sensitivity after loading. Baseline effort sensitivity was correlated with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). After CPAP treatment, OSA patients revealed a decreased baseline effort sensitivity with a missing loading response. Effort sensitivity was differentially affected in the respiratory and leg systems with outcomes of CPAP treatment suggesting a full reversibility. Outcomes suggest that reversible adaptive response of effort perception in the respiratory system might contribute to the severity of OSA.
Associations between sleep health and obesity and weight change in adults: The Daily24 Multisite Cohort Study
Hawkins MS, Pokutnaya DY, Duan D, Coughlin JW, Martin LM, Zhao D, Goheer A, Woolf TB, Holzhauer K, Lehmann HP, Lent MR, McTigue KM and Bennett WL
Associations between sleep health and obesity and weight change in adults: The Daily24 Multisite Cohort Study
Hawkins MS, Pokutnaya DY, Duan D, Coughlin JW, Martin LM, Zhao D, Goheer A, Woolf TB, Holzhauer K, Lehmann HP, Lent MR, McTigue KM and Bennett WL
To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of individual sleep domains and multidimensional sleep health with current overweight or obesity and 5-year weight change in adults.
The association between sleep spindles and cognitive function in middle-aged and older men from a community-based cohort study
Parker JL, Appleton SL, Adams RJ, Melaku YA, D'Rozario AL, Wittert GA, Martin SA, Catcheside PG, Lechat B, Teare AJ, Toson B and Vakulin A
The association between sleep spindles and cognitive function in middle-aged and older men from a community-based cohort study
Parker JL, Appleton SL, Adams RJ, Melaku YA, D'Rozario AL, Wittert GA, Martin SA, Catcheside PG, Lechat B, Teare AJ, Toson B and Vakulin A
Previous studies examining associations between sleep spindles and cognitive function attempted to account for obstructive sleep apnea without consideration for potential moderating effects. To elucidate associations between sleep spindles, cognitive function, and obstructive sleep apnea, this study of community-dwelling men examined cross-sectional associations between sleep spindle metrics and daytime cognitive function outcomes following adjustment for obstructive sleep apnea and potential obstructive sleep apnea moderating effects.
Effectiveness of Cold Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Associated with Chest Tube Removal: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Lu HY, Lin MY, Tsai PS, Chiu HY and Fang SC
Effectiveness of Cold Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Associated with Chest Tube Removal: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Lu HY, Lin MY, Tsai PS, Chiu HY and Fang SC
To assess the effectiveness of cold therapy for pain and anxiety associated with chest tube removal.
The Europa Uomo Patient Reported Outcome Study 2.0-Prostate Cancer Patient-reported Outcomes to Support Treatment Decision-making
Venderbos LDF, Remmers S, Deschamps A, Dowling J, Carl EG, Pereira-Azevedo N and Roobol MJ
The Europa Uomo Patient Reported Outcome Study 2.0-Prostate Cancer Patient-reported Outcomes to Support Treatment Decision-making
Venderbos LDF, Remmers S, Deschamps A, Dowling J, Carl EG, Pereira-Azevedo N and Roobol MJ
To further strengthen the voice of patients, Europa Uomo initiated the Europa Uomo Patient Reported Outcome Study 2.0 (EUPROMS 2.0) in October 2021.
