Age-related neuroendocrine and alerting responses to light
Chellappa SL, Bromundt V, Frey S and Cajochen C
Age-related neuroendocrine and alerting responses to light
Chellappa SL, Bromundt V, Frey S and Cajochen C
Aging is associated with sleep and circadian alterations, which can negatively affect quality of life and longevity. Importantly, the age-related reduction in light sensitivity, particularly in the short-wavelength range, may underlie sleep and circadian alterations in older people. While evidence suggests that non-image-forming (NIF) light responses may diminish in older individuals, most laboratory studies have low sample sizes, use non-ecological light settings (e.g., monochromatic light), and typically focus on melatonin suppression by light. Here, we investigated whether NIF light effects on endogenous melatonin levels and sleep frontal slow-wave activity (primary outcomes), and subjective sleepiness and sustained attention (secondary outcomes) attenuate with aging. We conducted a stringently controlled within-subject study with 3 laboratory protocols separated by ~ 1 week in 31 young (18-30 years; 15 women) and 16 older individuals (55-80 years; eight women). Each protocol included 2 h of evening exposure to commercially available blue-enriched polychromatic light (6500 K) or non-blue-enriched light (3000 K or 2500 K) at low levels (~ 40 lx, habitual in evening indoor settings). Aging significantly affected the influence of light on endogenous melatonin levels, subjective sleepiness, sustained attention, and frontal slow-wave activity (interaction: P < 0.001, P = 0.004, P = 0.007, P = 0.001, respectively). In young individuals, light exposure at 6500 K significantly attenuated the increase in endogenous melatonin levels, improved subjective sleepiness and sustained attention performance, and decreased frontal slow-wave activity in the beginning of sleep. Conversely, older individuals did not exhibit signficant differential light sensitivity effects. Our findings provide evidence for an association of aging and reduced light sensitivity, with ramifications to sleep, cognition, and circadian health in older people.
Impact of sleep disturbances and autonomic dysfunction on the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia
Singh R, Rai NK, Rastogi A, Endukuru C, Joshi A and Mishra SS
Impact of sleep disturbances and autonomic dysfunction on the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia
Singh R, Rai NK, Rastogi A, Endukuru C, Joshi A and Mishra SS
Fibromyalgia, a painful musculoskeletal disorder is associated with sleep disturbances as well as autonomic dysfunction. Pathophysiology of fibromyalgia is yet not clear and neuroanatomical proximity of sleep and autonomic centre prompts probable involvement of the two impacting the quality of life of fibromyalgia patients. Present study was done with the objective to explore the extent of sleep disturbances and/or autonomic dysfunction in fibromyalgia and asses their impact on quality of life of fibromyalgia patients.
Impact of counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane on the mandibular advancement, pharynx morphology, and polysomnography results in maxillomandibular advancement surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea patients
Christino M, Vinha PP, Faria AC, Garcia DM and de Mello-Filho FV
Impact of counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane on the mandibular advancement, pharynx morphology, and polysomnography results in maxillomandibular advancement surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea patients
Christino M, Vinha PP, Faria AC, Garcia DM and de Mello-Filho FV
Evaluate the impact of counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane (CCWROP) on pharynx morphology and polysomnography in maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.
Locus Coeruleus Acid-Sensing Ion Channels Modulate Sleep-Wakefulness and State Transition from NREM to REM Sleep in the Rat
Mir FA and Jha SK
Locus Coeruleus Acid-Sensing Ion Channels Modulate Sleep-Wakefulness and State Transition from NREM to REM Sleep in the Rat
Mir FA and Jha SK
The locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the essential chemoregulatory and sleep-wake (S-W) modulating centers in the brain. LC neurons remain highly active during wakefulness, and some implicitly become silent during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. LC neurons are also involved in CO-dependent modulation of the respiratory drive. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are highly expressed in some brainstem chemosensory breathing regulatory areas, but their localization and functions in the LC remain unknown. Mild hypercapnia increases the amount of non-REM (NREM) sleep and the number of REM sleep episodes, but whether ASICs in the LC modulate S-W is unclear. Here, we investigated the presence of ASICs in the LC and their role in S-W modulation and the state transition from NREM to REM sleep. Male Wistar rats were surgically prepared for chronic polysomnographic recordings and drug microinjections into the LC. The presence of ASIC-2 and ASIC-3 in the LC was immunohistochemically characterized. Microinjections of amiloride (an ASIC blocker) and APETx2 (a blocker of ASIC-2 and -3) into the LC significantly decreased wakefulness and REM sleep, but significantly increased NREM sleep. Mild hypercapnia increased the amount of NREM and the number of REM episodes. However, APETx2 microinjection inhibited this increase in REM frequency. These results suggest that the ASICs of LC neurons modulate S-W, indicating that ASICs could play an important role in vigilance-state transition. A mild increase in CO level during NREM sleep sensed by ASICs could be one of the determinants of state transition from NREM to REM sleep.
Therapeutic effects of Silexan on somatic symptoms and physical health in patients with anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis
von Känel R, Kasper S, Bondolfi G, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Hättenschwiler J, Hatzinger M, Imboden C, Heitlinger E and Seifritz E
Therapeutic effects of Silexan on somatic symptoms and physical health in patients with anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis
von Känel R, Kasper S, Bondolfi G, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Hättenschwiler J, Hatzinger M, Imboden C, Heitlinger E and Seifritz E
A meta-analysis was performed to examine therapeutic effects of Silexan on somatic symptoms, including insomnia/fatigue, and physical health in patients with anxiety disorders. Five randomized, placebo-controlled trials were included in this analysis: The efficacy of Silexan (80 mg/day) was investigated in patients with subthreshold anxiety disorders (three trials) and in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (two trials). Silexan was superior to placebo in terms of the mean change from baseline in the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) subscore somatic anxiety at week 10 with a standardized mean difference of -0.31 [95% Cl: -0.52 to -0.10, p = .004]. Treatment effects of silexan on somatic anxiety were independent of gender and age. Statistically significant differences were also shown for single HAMA items somatic muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, and genitourinary symptoms, indicating clinical relevance with small to medium effects of Silexan. Similar clinically meaningful effects of Silexan on SF-36 physical health, including reduced bodily pain and improved general health, and on insomnia complaints and fatigue, were demonstrated. In this meta-analysis including all placebo-controlled clinical trials in patients with anxiety disorders to date, statistically significant and clinically meaningful advantages of Silexan over placebo treatment were found in improving somatic symptoms and physical health.
Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up
Gennaro MM, Mariagrazia P, De Lorenzo R, Cristiano M, Sara P, Roberto F, Fabio C, Patrizia RQ and Francesco B
Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up
Gennaro MM, Mariagrazia P, De Lorenzo R, Cristiano M, Sara P, Roberto F, Fabio C, Patrizia RQ and Francesco B
COVID-19 outbreak is associated with mental health implications during viral infection and at short-term follow-up. Data on psychiatric and cognitive sequelae at medium-term follow-up are still lacking. During an ongoing prospective cohort study, the psychopathological and cognitive status of 226 COVID-19 pneumonia survivors (149 male, mean age 58) were prospectively evaluated one and three months after hospital discharge. Psychiatric clinical interview, self-report questionnaires, and neuropsychological profiling of verbal memory, working memory, psychomotor coordination, executive functions, attention and information processing, and verbal fluency were performed. Three months after discharge from the hospital, 35.8% still self-rated symptoms in the clinical range in at least one psychopathological dimension. We observed persistent depressive symptomatology, while PTSD, anxiety, and insomnia decreased during follow-up. Sex, previous psychiatric history, and the presence of depression at one month affected the depressive symptomatology at three months. Regardless of clinical physical severity, 78% of the sample showed poor performances in at least one cognitive domain, with executive functions and psychomotor coordination being impaired in 50% and 57% of the sample. Baseline systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), which reflects the immune response and systemic inflammation based on peripheral lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, predicted self-rated depressive symptomatology and cognitive impairment at three-months follow-up; and changes of SII predicted changes of depression during follow-up. Neurocognitive impairments associated with severity of depressive psychopathology, and processing speed, verbal memory and fluency, and psychomotor coordination were predicted by baseline SII. We hypothesize that COVID-19 could result in prolonged systemic inflammation that predisposes patients to persistent depression and associated neurocognitive dysfunction. The linkage between inflammation, depression, and neurocognition in patients with COVID-19 should be investigated in long-term longitudinal studies, to better personalize treatment options for COVID-19 survivors.
Safety of low-dose oral minoxidil for hair loss: a multicenter study of 1404 patients
Vano-Galvan S, Pirmez R, Hermosa-Gelbard A, Moreno-Arrones OM, Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata R, Jimenez-Cauhe J, Koh WL, Poa J, Jerjen R, Trindade de CL, John J, Salas-Callo CI, Vincenzi C, Yin L, Lo-Sicco K, Waskiel-Burnat A, Starace M, Zamorano JL, Jaén-Olasolo P, Piraccini BM, Rudnicka L, Shapiro J, Tosti A, Sinclair R and Bhoyrul B
Safety of low-dose oral minoxidil for hair loss: a multicenter study of 1404 patients
Vano-Galvan S, Pirmez R, Hermosa-Gelbard A, Moreno-Arrones OM, Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata R, Jimenez-Cauhe J, Koh WL, Poa J, Jerjen R, Trindade de CL, John J, Salas-Callo CI, Vincenzi C, Yin L, Lo-Sicco K, Waskiel-Burnat A, Starace M, Zamorano JL, Jaén-Olasolo P, Piraccini BM, Rudnicka L, Shapiro J, Tosti A, Sinclair R and Bhoyrul B
The major concern regarding the use of low-dose oral minoxidil (LDOM) in the treatment of hair loss is the potential risk of systemic adverse effects.
A finite element analysis for evaluating mandibular advancement devices
Caragiuli M, Mandolini M, Landi D, Bruno G, De Stefani A, Gracco A and Toniolo I
A finite element analysis for evaluating mandibular advancement devices
Caragiuli M, Mandolini M, Landi D, Bruno G, De Stefani A, Gracco A and Toniolo I
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a disorder characterised by complete or partial occlusion of the upper airway during sleep. Muscles relax during sleeping and collapse into the airway, closing the throat and prohibiting air flowing into the lungs. Different solutions have been adopted to manage the pathology to improve the life quality of affected patients. Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are proven to be a compliant and successful therapy in the forward repositioning of the mandible to increase the upper airway volume. However, this method has some long-term adverse events that may affect the teeth and periodontal ligaments. This paper presents a finite element model to evaluate the MADs effects (displacement and stress) on teeth and periodontal ligaments, by varying the design, the point of application of the force and the material. The modelled bodies have been reconstructed through a Reverse Engineering approach and computer-aided design tools starting from tomographic images of anatomic bodies and from laser scans of a physical MAD. The results suggest that a central connection mechanism could affect mostly the anterior teeth. In contrast, a lateral connection mechanism provides a more uniform distribution of the load on teeth.
Nighttime melatonin secretion and sleep architecture: different associations in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Toffol E, Kalleinen N, Himanen SL, Partonen T, Haukka J and Polo-Kantola P
Nighttime melatonin secretion and sleep architecture: different associations in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Toffol E, Kalleinen N, Himanen SL, Partonen T, Haukka J and Polo-Kantola P
Sleep quality typically decreases after menopause, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Concentrations of melatonin are lower and its secretion profiles different before and after menopause. However, whether and how melatonin and sleep architecture are associated in women of different reproductive states have not been examined to date.
Effects of progressive muscle relaxation training with music therapy on sleep and anger of patients at Community Mental Health Center
İçel S and Başoğul C
Effects of progressive muscle relaxation training with music therapy on sleep and anger of patients at Community Mental Health Center
İçel S and Başoğul C
The objective is to examine the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training and music therapy applied to chronic psychiatric patients attending the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) on their anger level and sleep quality.
