A narrative review of biopsychosocial factors which impact overweight and obesity for individuals with acquired brain injury
Driver S, Douglas M, Reynolds M, McShan E, Swank C and Dubiel R
A narrative review of biopsychosocial factors which impact overweight and obesity for individuals with acquired brain injury
Driver S, Douglas M, Reynolds M, McShan E, Swank C and Dubiel R
To discuss the biopsychosocial factors that affect being overweight or obese after acquired brain injury (ABI) Narrative review Based on the biopsychosocial model, we discuss the unique injury-specific factors that can affect bring overweight or obese among individuals with ABI including: (1) biological, (2) psychological and (3) social/ecological factors. Injury-specific factors that impact being overweight or obese following ABI include endocrine dysfunction, pain, bowel and bladder incontinence, balance problems and motor impairment, medications, sleep quality and fatigue, alcohol and tobacco use, psychological disorders and symptoms, cognitive changes, social support, isolation, participation, transportation, independence, and knowledge. These factors may also compound general factors impacting weight management, making it difficult for individuals with ABI to maintain a healthy lifestyle. It is important to recognize the biopsychosocial factors that impact weight-loss and lifestyle change after ABI so that interventions can be tailored to meet individuals' unique needs. Empirical research is needed to better understand how biopsychosocial factors interact and impact overweight/ obesity after ABI.
The role of sleep disorders in cardiovascular diseases: Culprit or accomplice?
Wang Q, Wang X, Yang C and Wang L
The role of sleep disorders in cardiovascular diseases: Culprit or accomplice?
Wang Q, Wang X, Yang C and Wang L
Sleep disorders frequently comorbid with several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), attracting increasing scientific attention and interest. Sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome, etc. It is well known that inflammation, sympathetic activation, and endothelial dysfunction play critical roles in sleep disorders, all of which are predisposing factors for CVDs. The comorbidity of sleep disorders and CVDs may have a bidirectional relationship. Patients with CVDs may have a high incidence of sleep disorders and vice versa. This review focused on the comorbidity of sleep disorders and CVDs and discussed the potential pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. In addition to the existing mechanisms, this review summarized novel potential mechanisms underlying comorbidities, such as gut microbiota, orexin, and extracellular vesicles, which may provide a theoretical basis for further basic research and clinical investigations on improving therapeutic outcomes.
Parental Death During Adolescence: A Review of the Literature
Farella Guzzo M and Gobbi G
Parental Death During Adolescence: A Review of the Literature
Farella Guzzo M and Gobbi G
While extensive research exists on parental loss in childhood and the related psychological interventions, little has been done in the adolescent population. Adolescence is a particular phase of life characterized by a singular psychological, emotional, neurological, and endocrinological development, paralleled by the process of self-affirmation and an opening toward social relationships. This complex neuropsychological phase should thus be understood independently from children and adults. The objective of this work was to review the literature studying the impacts of parental loss in adolescents. The current review identified a wide range of behavioral and emotional responses to parental death in adolescence, including depression, suicidal ideations, anxiety, insomnia, addiction and impaired function at school and home. The role of peers, school life, and family and social environment are important for the recovery from loss. More studies are required to better understand the different psychological trajectories in adolescence after parental death and tailor mental health interventions accordingly.
Efficacy and safety of seltorexant as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: A phase 2b, randomized, placebo-controlled, adaptive dose-finding study
Savitz A, Wajs E, Zhang Y, Xu H, Etropolski M, Thase ME and Drevets W
Efficacy and safety of seltorexant as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: A phase 2b, randomized, placebo-controlled, adaptive dose-finding study
Savitz A, Wajs E, Zhang Y, Xu H, Etropolski M, Thase ME and Drevets W
Seltorexant, a selective antagonist of human orexin-2 receptors, demonstrated antidepressant effects in a previous exploratory study in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).
The role of depression and anxiety in the relationship between poor sleep quality and subjective cognitive decline in Chinese elderly: Exploring parallel, serial, and moderated mediation
Xu WQ, Lin LH, Ding KR, Ke YF, Huang JH, Hou CL, Jia FJ and Wang SB
The role of depression and anxiety in the relationship between poor sleep quality and subjective cognitive decline in Chinese elderly: Exploring parallel, serial, and moderated mediation
Xu WQ, Lin LH, Ding KR, Ke YF, Huang JH, Hou CL, Jia FJ and Wang SB
Poor sleep quality exacerbates subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Mental health may play an important role in the relationship, but the potential underlying mechanisms remain unknown.
Alcohol use, cannabis use, and psychopathology symptoms among college students before and after COVID-19
Schepis TS, De Nadai AS, Bravo AJ, Looby A, Villarosa-Hurlocker MC, Earleywine M and
Alcohol use, cannabis use, and psychopathology symptoms among college students before and after COVID-19
Schepis TS, De Nadai AS, Bravo AJ, Looby A, Villarosa-Hurlocker MC, Earleywine M and
College students have experienced significant disruptions related to COVID-19, and limited international data suggest they may be at elevated risk for mental health symptom increases related to COVID. Given their potentially elevated risk, our aim was to evaluate differences from pre-college closures to post-closure in mental health symptoms, alcohol, and cannabis use. Participants (N = 4749) were from seven U.S. public universities/colleges. They were 70.1 % female and 48.5 % white, non-Hispanic/Latino, with 48.1 % in their first college/university year. 30-day retrospective assessments of alcohol and cannabis use, and past 2-week retrospective assessments of anxiety, depression, anger, and insomnia were captured at the time of the survey. We examined differences between those providing data pre- and post-university closure via linear and negative binomial regressions. Alcohol and cannabis use days were 13 % and 24 % higher, respectively, from pre-to post-university closure; also, prevalence of any 30-day alcohol use and alcohol use consequences were both higher in the post-closure sample (odds ratios = 1.34 and 1.31, respectively). In contrast, days of binge alcohol use were 4 % lower in the post-closing sample. Depressive symptoms and anger were both modestly higher in post-closing participants (d < 0.1), with no differences in anxiety symptoms or insomnia. The modest differences in substance use and mental health from pre-closure through two months post-college closure suggest unexpected resilience in a large and diverse sample of students. College health providers will need to identify those students experiencing the greatest increases in mental health symptoms and substance use, using innovative outreach and treatment.
Increased levels of VCAM-1 is associated with higher occurrence of coronary artery disease in adults with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea
Lv Q, Sun H, Du Z, Jiao X, Yu H, Sun Q, Li F, Wang Y, Li L, Hu C and Qin Y
Increased levels of VCAM-1 is associated with higher occurrence of coronary artery disease in adults with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea
Lv Q, Sun H, Du Z, Jiao X, Yu H, Sun Q, Li F, Wang Y, Li L, Hu C and Qin Y
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) leads to important vascular abnormalities, including the endothelial dysfunction and the production of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. The adhesion molecules play an important role in the process of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We assess the relationship between the levels of adhesion molecules and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese adults with moderate to severe OSA.
Temporal Trends in ICU Survival for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Bumpy Road
Prescott HC and Levy MM
Temporal Trends in ICU Survival for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Bumpy Road
Prescott HC and Levy MM
Stressful life events and poor sleep quality: a cross-sectional survey in the Chinese governmental employees
Li YL, Qiu D, Hu C, Ouyang FY, He J, Zang DF, Luo D and Xiao SY
Stressful life events and poor sleep quality: a cross-sectional survey in the Chinese governmental employees
Li YL, Qiu D, Hu C, Ouyang FY, He J, Zang DF, Luo D and Xiao SY
Evidence has shown that stressful life events are associated with sleep quality, yet studies on employees are scarce. In the present study, we explored the association between stressful life events and sleep quality in Chinese governmental employees. The cross-sectional data on 10,994 Chinese governmental employees aged 20-60 years were derived from a cohort study on chronic diseases of governmental employees in Hunan Province, China. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the participants, 3517 (32.0%) reported poor sleep quality in the past month. Participants who experienced more than two life events in the past year were associated with 3 times (OR: 3.681, 95%CI:3.287-4.123) greater likelihood of poor sleep quality. Negative life events, but not positive life events, were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Regarding the types of events, economic-related life events were associated with poor sleep quality only in employees aged 20-35 years. Regarding the specific life events, work stress, job dissatisfaction, pregnancy or wife pregnancy,quality in Chinese governmental employees. discord with spouse's parents, separation from spouse due to work, bad relationship between spouse, unsatisfied sex life, misunderstood, blamed, false accusation or argument, and lifestyle changes were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. When stratified by sex, age and occupational position, the association of specific events and sleep quality were different. The present study showed that cumulative life events, negative life events and several specific events were significantly associated with poor sleep quality on Chinese governmental employees.
The psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis is higher among young Swiss men with a lower socioeconomic status: Evidence from a cohort study
Marmet S, Wicki M, Gmel G, Gachoud C, Daeppen JB, Bertholet N and Studer J
The psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis is higher among young Swiss men with a lower socioeconomic status: Evidence from a cohort study
Marmet S, Wicki M, Gmel G, Gachoud C, Daeppen JB, Bertholet N and Studer J
The present study aimed to investigate whether the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis varied with regards to young Swiss men's pre-crisis level of education and socioeconomic status and to changes in their work situation due to it.
