Epidemiology survey and risk factor analysis of overactive bladder in children in Qingdao, China
Yan D, Li X, Zhang L, Yang X, Zhou Q, Sun C, Li J and Liu C
Epidemiology survey and risk factor analysis of overactive bladder in children in Qingdao, China
Yan D, Li X, Zhang L, Yang X, Zhou Q, Sun C, Li J and Liu C
Explore the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in children in Qingdao, China.
Propagation effects of abnormal beta oscillations on sleep rhythms in Parkinson's disease: A computational study
Wang H, An S, Liu H, Xu H, Zhao Q, Zhang A, Zhang S and Xu G
Propagation effects of abnormal beta oscillations on sleep rhythms in Parkinson's disease: A computational study
Wang H, An S, Liu H, Xu H, Zhao Q, Zhang A, Zhang S and Xu G
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by abnormal beta oscillations (13-30 Hz) within the basal ganglia, which contribute not only to motor symptoms but also to sleep disturbances. In this study, we developed a computational model of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical (BGTC) network that includes the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), to investigate the mechanism by which the abnormal oscillations disrupt sleep. The model incorporates key nuclei, neurotransmitter systems, and neural pathways to simulate sleep-related brain activity in Parkinsonian conditions. Our simulations show that abnormal beta oscillations impair sleep across all vigilance states. During wakefulness, elevated beta activity in the basal ganglia and cortex prolongs sleep latency. In rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, reduced firing in the pedunculopontine nucleus combined with enhanced beta oscillations underlies features of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). In Non-REM 2 (N2) sleep, the formation of sleep spindles is reduced and shifted toward higher frequencies, promoting sleep fragmentation. In Non-REM 3 (N3) sleep, slow-wave amplitude decreases, indicating reduced depth. Propagation analysis reveals that the neural pathways Lhx6-cortical inhibitory neurons (IN), PPN-thalamic reticular nucleus (RE), and globus pallidus internus (GPi)-thalamocortex (TC) can facilitate the propagation of beta oscillations to cortex, while the GPi-TC pathway suppresses it during wakefulness, REM, and N2 sleep. Additionally, the pathway Lhx6-cortical pyramidal neurons (PY) inhibits beta propagation during wakefulness but promotes it during other sleep stages. These findings identify specific pathways through which abnormal beta oscillations propagate and disrupt thalamocortical sleep rhythms, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease and highlighting potential therapeutic targets.
Evolving Concepts in Pulmonary Hypertension: Implementation challenges of the current guidelines and proceedings in the US
Sahay S, Estrada RA, Griffiths M, Habib N, Murthy S, Nathan SD, Sullivan RT, Klinger JR and Benza R
Evolving Concepts in Pulmonary Hypertension: Implementation challenges of the current guidelines and proceedings in the US
Sahay S, Estrada RA, Griffiths M, Habib N, Murthy S, Nathan SD, Sullivan RT, Klinger JR and Benza R
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a pathophysiologically diverse and clinically intricate spectrum of disorders characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressures and progressive right ventricular dysfunction. The management of PH has evolved considerably over recent decades; these developments underscore the dynamic nature of the field and the necessity for continual reappraisal of diagnostic and therapeutic frameworks. The European Society of Cardiology and Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) and the World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) were pivotal in addressing key PH topics, including hemodynamic definitions, disease classification, risk stratification and evolving therapeutic agents, and generating consensus-driven recommendations that shape global clinical practice.
Spatial memory performance is associated with region-specific coordination of hippocampo-cortical sleep oscillations
Caneo M, Espinosa N, Aguilera A, Lazcano G, Lara-Vasquez A and Fuentealba P
Spatial memory performance is associated with region-specific coordination of hippocampo-cortical sleep oscillations
Caneo M, Espinosa N, Aguilera A, Lazcano G, Lara-Vasquez A and Fuentealba P
Sleep plays a critical role in memory consolidation, yet how coordination among sleep oscillations across hippocampo-cortical circuits relates to behavioral performance remains incompletely understood. Here, we examined how cross-regional coordination of cardinal sleep oscillations during non-rapid eye movement (nREM) sleep relates to spatial memory performance. Adult rats were trained in an object-place recognition task and allowed to sleep while local field potentials were recorded simultaneously from dorsal and ventral hippocampus (CA1d and CA1v) and retrosplenial, prefrontal, and lateral entorhinal cortices. We first confirm that nREM sleep duration, but not REM sleep, is positively associated with spatial memory performance. We then characterized the temporal relationships between hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and cortical spindles and slow oscillations, revealing region- and oscillation-specific coordination patterns that depend on the dorso-ventral origin of hippocampal ripple events. Finally, by comparing task-related changes in ripple-triggered cortical activity between low- and high-performing sessions, we identify selective, performance-dependent modulation of hippocampo-cortical coupling during post-learning sleep. Spatial memory performance was consistently associated with enhanced ripple-slow oscillation coupling driven by dorsal hippocampal ripples, particularly in interactions with the slow oscillations in the retrosplenial cortex, whereas ventral hippocampal interactions failed to show behavioural association. Together, these results reveal that spatial memory performance is linked to region- and timing-specific coordination of sleep oscillations across hippocampo-cortical networks during nREM sleep, highlighting a functional differentiation of dorsal and ventral hippocampal contributions to sleep-dependent memory consolidation.
Respiratory pauses highlight sleep architecture in mice
Casali G, Miermon C, Terral G, Ravassard P, Gervois T, Dolique T, Harrell ER, Spitsyn A, Lesburguères E, Jarriault D, Gambino F, Chenouard N and Roux L
Respiratory pauses highlight sleep architecture in mice
Casali G, Miermon C, Terral G, Ravassard P, Gervois T, Dolique T, Harrell ER, Spitsyn A, Lesburguères E, Jarriault D, Gambino F, Chenouard N and Roux L
Brain activity and breathing rate influence each other but it remains unclear how fine respiratory features vary across and within brain states, and how they coordinate with the micro-architecture of sleep and its associated network dynamics. Using simultaneous nasal pressure and hippocampal local field potential recordings in freely-moving mice, we show here that Wake, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM sleep (NREM) exhibit unique respiratory signatures with distinct prominence of post-inhalation pauses. Within NREM, the emergence of pauses aligns with the infra-slow noradrenaline fluctuations and demarcate not only NREM packets traditionally defined by microarousal movements, but also shorter (~30 seconds) packets of elevated hippocampal sigma-band power. Within packets, respiratory feature changes predict moment-to-moment fluctuations in the sigma-band peak-power, even in hypoxic conditions where these infra-slow oscillations are accelerated. Overall, our findings reveal that respiratory features capture the macro- and micro-architecture of sleep, opening new windows into brain states and network computations through respiration.
Physical exercise moderates the mediating effect of sleep quality between internet addiction and college students' academic burnout
Feng Q, Tong Y, Huang G and Liu Y
Physical exercise moderates the mediating effect of sleep quality between internet addiction and college students' academic burnout
Feng Q, Tong Y, Huang G and Liu Y
Internet addiction is a significant contributing factor to academic burnout among college students, though the underlying psychological and behavioral mechanisms warrant further investigation. This study investigated the mediating role of sleep quality between internet addiction and college students' academic burnout, as well as the moderating role of physical exercise on this mediation pathway. A study was conducted to assess internet addiction, sleep quality, academic burnout, and physical exercise among college students. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed on these variables, and a moderated mediation model was developed. Internet addiction was positively correlated with sleep quality and academic burnout, and sleep quality was positively associated with academic burnout. Additionally, physical exercise demonstrated negative associations with internet addiction, sleep quality, and academic burnout. Furthermore, physical exercise moderated the relationship between internet addiction and sleep quality. This study provides further insights into the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between internet addiction and academic burnout among college students. Sleep quality serves as a mediating factor, while physical exercise act as a moderating factor in the relationship between internet addiction and sleep quality. This study highlights the role of sleep quality and physical exercise in the relationship between internet addiction and academic burnout, offering novel perspectives and strategies for addressing these challenges among college students.
Anticipating Racism is Associated with Poorer Sleep Among Adults Racialized as Black
Hokett E, Brickman AM and Adkins-Jackson PB
Anticipating Racism is Associated with Poorer Sleep Among Adults Racialized as Black
Hokett E, Brickman AM and Adkins-Jackson PB
Racism has deleterious effects on sleep. Higher interpersonal discrimination is associated with lower sleep duration and poorer sleep quality (i.e., poor sleep) in adults who are racialized as Black, but this association is understudied across the age range of the adult lifespan. Here, we hypothesized higher racism-related vigilance is associated with poorer sleep quality and lower sleep duration in women and men.
In vivo brain macromolecules in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Chiappelli J, Chen H, Korenic SA, Gaston FE, Ye Z, Lee H, Chen S, Wijtenburg SA and Rowland LM
In vivo brain macromolecules in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Chiappelli J, Chen H, Korenic SA, Gaston FE, Ye Z, Lee H, Chen S, Wijtenburg SA and Rowland LM
Brain macromolecule signals detected with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are often regarded as a nuisance, but may be potential markers of pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, impaired glymphatic clearance, and damage to cellular membranes. To date, there is little published data on macromolecule levels in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). In this study, we used metabolite-nulled proton MRS to assess macromolecule signals in four brain regions of interest, the anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and white matter, in 24 people with SSD and 22 healthy controls. Participants were also assessed for cognitive performance and blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker. There were significant differences in macromolecule levels between people with SSD and controls in the left hippocampus. There were no significant associations of macromolecule levels with cognition, symptom severity, or CRP levels. There were significant associations of macromolecule levels in the striatum with current antipsychotic dose in the SSD group, and macromolecule levels in the anterior cingulate with subjective sleep quality. Except for the slight reductions in hippocampus, these results suggest that macromolecules may not be notably different in SSD and may not significantly impact MRS metabolite measures collected with short TE sequences, although larger studies are needed to confirm.
Non-linear associations between sleep duration and plasma p-tau181 in the Framingham Heart Study
Young VM, Wiedner C, Baril AA, Pase MP, Ruiz A, Salardini A, Frei CR, Kautz T, Bernal R, Yiallourou S, Cribb L, Beiser A, Teixeira AL, Himali JJ and Seshadri S
Non-linear associations between sleep duration and plasma p-tau181 in the Framingham Heart Study
Young VM, Wiedner C, Baril AA, Pase MP, Ruiz A, Salardini A, Frei CR, Kautz T, Bernal R, Yiallourou S, Cribb L, Beiser A, Teixeira AL, Himali JJ and Seshadri S
Both short and long sleep duration have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, yet the nature of the non-linear associations between sleep quantity and blood-based biomarkers of AD and neurodegeneration remains understudied.
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and its association with lifestyle factors among medical students in Jordan: a cross-sectional survey
Alzoubi MN, Aldhliki AB, Salameh HE, Al-Raymoony S, Enayah M, Ahmad H, Madi A, Al Kasem A, Abdallah N, Safi Y and Aljalabneh B
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and its association with lifestyle factors among medical students in Jordan: a cross-sectional survey
Alzoubi MN, Aldhliki AB, Salameh HE, Al-Raymoony S, Enayah M, Ahmad H, Madi A, Al Kasem A, Abdallah N, Safi Y and Aljalabneh B
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder marked by chronic abdominal discomfort and altered bowel habits, including constipation, diarrhea, or a combination of both. It significantly impacts quality of life and is often linked to psychological stress and dietary factors. Given the scarcity of multi-university data from Jordan, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of IBS among medical students across three Jordanian universities and to identify associated lifestyle, psychological, and demographic risk factors using validated instruments. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students from the University of Jordan, Mutah University, and Jordan University of Science and Technology across all academic levels. The Rome III criteria were employed to diagnose IBS. Sleep quality was evaluated using the SATED (Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency, and Duration) scale, and mental health status was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A total of 572 students completed the questionnaire. IBS was identified in 33.74% of respondents. Among those with IBS, 31.1% had the constipation-predominant subtype, 18.1% had the diarrhea-predominant subtype, and 50.8% experienced mixed symptoms. Binary logistic regression revealed that a family history of IBS significantly increased the likelihood of having the disorder (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.34-2.83). Other significant risk factors included smoking (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.08-2.40) and anxiety borderline anxiety (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.11-2.80; p = 0.01). Established anxiety (OR: 1.53; p = 0.06) did not reach statistical significance. Sixth-year students were found to be at highest risk (OR: 5.16; 95% CI: 1.84-14.41), possibly due to greater academic pressure. Regular physical activity was associated with lower IBS odds, though this did not reach statistical significance (OR: 0.6; p = 0.07). No significant association was found with gender, BMI, sleep quality, junk food consumption, or depression. IBS is prevalent among Jordanian medical students and is associated with both genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors. These findings underscore the importance of targeted mental health and lifestyle interventions - particularly for sixth-year students - and highlight the need for longitudinal research to establish causal pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first multi-university study in Jordan to simultaneously assess psychological, sleep, and lifestyle correlates of IBS in medical students using validated instruments, providing a foundation for evidence-based student health policy in the region.
